THREATS TO GOLDEN-FLOWERED CAMELLIAS ALONG HON GIAO PASS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37569/DalatUniversity.12.3.978(2022)Keywords:
Dalat Plateau, Golden-flowered camellias, Hon Giao Pass, Khanh Hoa, Lam Dong, Threats.Abstract
The identification, documentation, and discussion of the main threats affecting the golden-flowered Camellia species endemic to Hon Giao Pass are discussed. Observations, published literature, and collations of data accumulated from field trips throughout Vietnam since 1999 are analyzed and researched for the preparation of the article. The major anthropogenic risk factors affecting the golden-flowered Camellia species and their habitats on the Dalat Plateau and along the Hon Giao Pass are named and reviewed. These risk factors include habitat loss due to population growth, logging, habitat fragmentation and degradation, poaching, collection of wild plant species, fire, and the construction of dams and their associated water impoundments.
Downloads
References
Abramov, A. V., Kruskop, S. V., & Shchinov, A. V. (2009). Small mammals of the Dalat Plateau, southern Vietnam. Russian Journal of Theriology, 8(2), 61-73.
Aizawa, M. (2009). Japanese folkcraft: Japanese arts and crafts work using camellia wood. International Camellia Society Journal, 41, 70-75.
Alotrip.com. (2014). Dankia lake – Golden stream. https://www.alotrip.com/guide-vietnam-attractions/dankia-lake-golden-stream
ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity & ASEAN Clearing House Mechanism. (n.d.). Bidoup Nui-Ba National Park. https://asean.chm-cbd.net/bidoup-nui-ba-national-park (Accessed July 20, 2021).
Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2013). Viet Nam: Environment and climate change assessment. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/institutional-document/33916/files/viet-nam-environment-climate-change.pdf
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat (APEC). (2020). APEC low carbon model town (LCMT) project dissemination phase 2: feasibility study report – Da Lat City, Viet Nam. SOM Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation (SCE), Energy Working Group (EWG). https://www.apec.org/Publications/2020/06/APEC-Low-Carbon-Model-Town-Project-Dissemination-Phase-2---Da-Lat
Barden, A., Anak, N. A., Mulliken, T. A., & Song, M. (2000). Heart of the matter: Agarwood use and trade and cites implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis. https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/Traf-072.pdf
Beech, E., Barstow, M., & Rivers, M. (2017). The red list of Theaceae. Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park (BNBNP) (n.d.). Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park: Foggy Forests & Legendary Mountains. http://g10gist.weebly.com/uploads/6/2/9/2/6292273/bidoup_brochure_from_ewc_group.pdf (Accessed July 26, 2021)
BirdLife International. (2022). Endemic Bird Areas factsheet: Da Lat plateau. http://datazone.birdlife.org/eba/factsheet/141
Bourke, G. (2019). Celebrating the camellia. Blue Mtns Road Trip. https://www.sydneytobluemountains.com.au/blog/2019/celebrating-the-camellia
Bui, N. H. (2020, November 14). Flora & fauna survive under watchful eyes. Vietnamnet Global. https://vietnamnet.vn/en/sci-tech-environment/flora-fauna-survive-under-watchful-eyes-688054.html.
Charman, P. E. V., & Murphy, B. W. (1993). Soils, their properties and management: A soil conservation handbook for New South Wales. Sydney University Press in association with Oxford University Press.
Chidumayo, E. N., & Gumbo, D. J. (2013). The environmental impacts of charcoal production in tropical ecosystems of the world: A synthesis. Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(2), 86-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2012.07.004
Countryeconomy.com. (n.d.). Population Vietnam 1999. https://countryeconomy.com/demography/population/vietnam?year=1999
Countryeconomy.com. (n.d.). Population Vietnam 2018. https://countryeconomy.com/demography/population/vietnam?year=2018
Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF). (n.d.). Indo-Burma ecosystem profile summary. https://www.cepf.net/sites/default/files/indoburma_ecosystem_profile_summary_english.pdf (Accessed July 16, 2020)
Curry, T. (2013). Six days in Guangxi. International Camellia Society Journal, 45, 14-17.
Dalat Happy Tours. (n.d.). Dankia – Golden Valley. http://dalathappytours.com/news/dankia-golden-valley-35
Dang, M. L., Nguyen, M. H., & Tran, T. (2018, November 22). Deforestation in the Central Highlands: Implications for minority ethnic communities and a number of recommendations [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of 14th International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences 2018 (IC-HUSO 2018) (pp. 491-507). Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, KhonKaen University, Thailand. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339659400_Deforestation_in_the_Central_Highlands_Implications_for_Minority_Ethnic_Communities_and_a_Number_of_Recommendations
Dankia Lake – Golden Stream. (2018, June 24). Dankia lake – Golden stream. Dalat TIPC Lam Dong. https://www.alotrip.com/guide-vietnam-attractions/dankia-lake-golden-stream
Dao, N., & Bui, L. P. (2015). Rethinking development narratives on hydropower in Vietnam. In N. Matthews & K. Geheb (Eds.), Hydropower development in the Mekong region – Political, socio-economic and environmental perspectives (pp. 173-197). Routledge.
Delage, J. (2019, December 12). The different wood species used in Bokken manufacturing: Red/white oak, Isu no Ki, Sunuke, Camellia, Biwa, etc. The Seido Blog #BudoStudies. https://www.seidoshop.com/blogs/the-seido-blog/28-japanese-bokken-manufacture-wooden-species
Emery, N. J., & Offord, C. A. (2019). Environmental factors influencing fruit production and seed biology of the critically endangered Persoonia pauciflora (Proteaceae). Folia Geobotanica, 54, 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-019-09343-6
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Policy Assistance Branch Sydney (1999). Poverty alleviation and food security in Asia land resources. RAP Publication 1999/2. https://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/179e6317-eac5-539b-a470-4ad809e3ce8b/
Facts and Details. (2014, May). Deforestation and illegal logging in Vietnam. https://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9h/entry-3493.html
Fox, J., Dao, M. T., Rambo, A. T., Nghiem, P. T., Le, T. C., & Leisz, S. (2000). Shifting cultivation: A new old paradigm for managing tropical forests. BioScience, 50(6), 521-528. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0521: SCANOP] 2.0.CO;2
Ganz, D. (2002). Framing fires: A country-by-country analysis of forest and land fires in the ASEAN nations. Project FireFight South East Asia. https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/ff_framing_fires.pdf
Ganz, D. & Moore, P. (2002). Living with fire: Summary of communities in flames international conference. In P. Moore, D. Ganz, L. C. Tan, T. Enters & P. B. Durst (Eds.), Communities in flames: Proceedings of an international conference on community involvement in fire management (pp. 1-9). FireFight South East Asia & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/3/ac798e/ac798e.pdf
Gia, C. (2020, November 02). Deforestation, construction to blame for central Vietnam landslides. News. VN Express International. https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/deforestation-construction-to-blame-for-central-vietnam-landslides-4185723.html
Giang, L. (2021, June 28). Khanh Hoa Province. ASEM Connect. http://www.asemconnectvietnam.gov.vn/default.aspx?ZID1=12&ID8=11193&ID1=2
Goldammer, J. G. & Mutch, R. W. (2001). Global forest fire assessment 1990–2000. Forest Resources Division. https://gfmc.online/programmes/un/fao/Wp55_eng.pdf
Ha, T. L. (2002). Experiences in community forest fire control in Viet Nam. In P. Moore, D. Ganz, L. C. Tan, T. Enters, & P. B. Durst (Eds.), Communities in flames: Proceedings of an international conference on community involvement in fire management. FireFight South East Asia & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/3/AC798E/ac798e0b.htm#bm11
Hacker, J. B., Truong, T. K., & Veldkamp, J. (1999). A guide to the grasses of grazing lands in Central Vietnam and some notes on their ecology. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Tropical Agriculture.
Hakoda, N., Kirino, S., & Tran, N. (2007). New species of genus Camellia in Vietnam. International Camellia Journal, 39, 54-57. https://internationalcamellia.org/public/downloads/e6u9C/ICJ_2007.pdf
Hauser, S. & Norgrove, L. (2013). Slash-and-Burn Agriculture, Effects of. In S. A. Levin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Biodiversity (Second edition, Volume 6) (pp. 551-562). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00125-8
Hiking Vietnam. (2019, November 26). Bidoup Nui Ba National Park. https://hikingvietnam.com/bidoup-nui-ba-national-park/
Hoang, T. S., & Luong, V. D. (2014). Adinandra hongiaoensis (Theaceae), a new species from Lam Dong, Vietnam. Journal of Japanese Botany, 89(5), 331-334. http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_089_331_334.pdf
Hoang, V. S., Baas, P., & Keßler, P. J. A. (2008). Traditional medicinal plants in Ben En National Park, Vietnam. Blumea – Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants, 53(3), 569-601. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651908X607521
IUCN. (2021). Threats classification scheme (Version 3.2). https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/threat-classification-scheme
Jandl, R., & Price, M. F. (2011). Climate change. In M. F. Price, G. Gratzer, L. A. Duguma, T. Kohler, D. Maselli, & R. Romeo (Eds.), Mountain forests in a changing world – Realizing values, addressing challenges (pp. 60-67). FAO and SDC. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/mountain_partnership/docs/FAO_Mountain-Forests-in-a-Changing-World.pdf
Kusters, K. (2021, November 01). Community forest land allocation can help to achieve climate objectives in Viet Nam - In conversation with Tran Nam Thang. Tropenbos International. https://www.tropenbos.org/news/community+forest+land+allocation+can+help+to+achieve+climate+objectives+in+viet+nam+-+in+conversation+with+tran+nam+thang
Lamdong Foreign Affairs Department. (2020, June 01). Geography. https://lamdong.gov.vn/sites/lderd/overview/SitePages/geography.aspx
Le, N. H. N., & Do, D. T. (2007). The wild species of Camellia in the Tam Dao National Park. International Camellia Society Journal, 39, 59-63.
Le, T. H., Nguyen, C. H., Nguyen, H., Bui, H. Q., Nguyen, T. N. T., Thanh, Nguyen, B. T., Do, K. P., Nguyen, V. D., Phan, V. T., Pham, T., Tung, Nguyen. D., Thanh, H., Vuong, V. Q., Pham, C. V., & Pham, V. C. (2014, November 12). A review of forest fire information technologies in Vietnam [Paper presentation]. ESETOHA, Hanoi, Vietnam. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317871188_A_Review_of_Forest_Fire_Information_Technologies_in_Vietnam
Le, V. S., Curry, A. S., Truong, Q. C., Luong, V. D., & Nguyen, T. L. (2021). Camellia flosculora: A new species of Camellia section Thea series Sinenses (Theaceae) from Vietnam. Brittonia, 73(2), 220-228. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12228-020-09646-5
Lepage, D. (2003, June 24). Chích núi: Phyllergates cucullatus (Temminck, 1836). Avibase – The world bird database. https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=39C48CCA46FF4DF4
Liu, N., Guo, Q., Ren, H., & Sun, Z. (2016). Schima superba outperforms other tree species by changing foliar chemical composition and shortening construction payback time when facilitated by shrubs. Scientific Reports, 6, 19855. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19855
Louda, S. M., & Collinge, S. K. (1992). Plant resistance to insect herbivores: A field test of the environmental stress hypothesis. Ecology, 73(1), 153-169. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938728
Luong, V. D., Hoang, T. S., Tran, N., & Pham, H. N. (2016). Camellia quangcuongii (Theaceae), a new species from Vietnam. Journal of Japanese Botany, 91(4), 226-230. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/306352671_Camellia_quangcuongii_Theaceae_a_New_Species_from_Vietnam
Luu, H. T., Luong, V. D., Nguyen, Q. D., & Nguyen, T. Q. T. (2015). Camellia sonthaiensis (Theaceae), a new species from Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici, 52(5-6), 289-295. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0502
Luu, H. T., Pham, H. N., Tran, G., Ngo, T. T. D., Dinh, N. L., & Ton, T. M. (2015). Billolivia kyi (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Vietnam. Annales Botanici Fennici, 52(5-6), 362-364. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0515
Mongabay. (n.d.). Deforestation statistics for Vietnam. https://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/archive/Viet_Nam.htm (Accessed August 14, 2020)
My Hau. (2015, July 23). Natural conditions. The People’s Committee of Khanh Hoa Province – Khanh Hoa Portal. https://en.khanhhoa.gov.vn/vi/introduction/natural-conditions
OffRoadVietnam. (n.d.). Lam Dong Province general information. https://offroadvietnam.com/vietnam-info/basic-details/lam-dong-province
Orel, G. (2006). A new species of Camellia section Piquetia (Theaceae) from Vietnam. Novon, 16(2), 244-247. https://doi.org/10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[244:ANSOCS]2.0.CO;2
Orel, G. (2018). Three Camellia species with wet feet. International Camellia Society Journal, 50, 67-69. https://internationalcamellia.org/public/downloads/ndg37/ICJ-2018.pdf
Orel, G., & Curry, A. S. (2014). A new species of Camellia section Dalatia (Theaceae) from Vietnam. Telopea, 17, 99-105. https://doi.org/10.7751/telopea20147551
Orel, G., & Curry, A. S. (2015). In pursuit of hidden camellias: 32 new camellia species from Vietnam and China. Theaceae Exploration Assocsciates.
Orel, G., Wilson, P. G., Curry, A. S., & Luu, H. T. (2012a). Polyspora huongiana sp. nov. (Theaceae) from Vietnam and notes on related species. Nordic Journal of Botany, 30(1), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01330.x
Orel, G., Wilson, P. G., Curry, A. S., & Luu, H. T. (2012b). Camellia inusitata (Theaceae), a new species forming a new section (Bidoupia) from Vietnam. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 69(2), 347-355. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428612000170
Orel, G., Wilson, P. G., Curry, A. S., & Luu, H. T. (2013). Camellia oconoriana (Theaceae), a new species from Vietnam. Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 70(3), 439-447. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960428613000103
Orel, G., Wilson, P. G., Curry, A. S., & Luu, H. T. (2014). Camellia curryana and C. longii spp. nov. (Theaceae) from Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany, 32(1), 42-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00399.x
Pham, T. G., & Le, Q. M. (2016, July). A review of co-management and collaborative model in Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong Province. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) & Sustainable Natural Resource Management Project (SNRM). https://www.jica.go.jp/project/vietnam/037/materials/ku57pq00002hisx7-att/review_of_cm_models_en.pdf
Pham, T. N., & Swan, S. (2009). An investigation into the drivers of forest encroachment in Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park. https://pubs.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/G03049.pdf
Pham, M. (2019, January 02). Camellia quephongensis 2019. Camellia quephongensis Hakoda et Ninh, Trà Hoa Vàng - Kim Sơn. Bēhance. https://www.behance.net/gallery/74304871/CAMELLIA-QUEPHONGENSIS-2019
Phan, H. T. (2015). Dilemmas of hydropower development in Vietnam: Between dam-induced displacement and sustainable development [Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University]. Eburon Academic Publishers.
Quach, V. H., Doudkin, R. V., Truong, Q. C., Le, V. S., Luong, V. D., Kim, S., & Yang, S. (2021). Rediscovery of Camellia langbianensis (Theaceae) in Vietnam. Phytotaxa, 480(1), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.1.8
Raven, P. H., Evert, R. F., & Curtis, H. (1982). Biology of plants (Third ed.). Worth Publishers Inc.
Rhind, S. G. (2012). Vietnam’s vanishing wildlife: The new threat of climate change. In D. Lunney & P. Hutchings (Eds.), Wildlife and climate change: Towards robust conservation strategies for Australian fauna (pp.137-143). Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Australia and The International Centre for Environmental Management, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Richards, G., Orel, G., Jones, S., & Harland, C. (2003). The elusive Camellia piquetiana. International Dendrology Society Yearbook 2002, 137-141. https://www.dendrology.org/publications/dendrology/the-elusive-camellia-piquetiana/
Rosmann, J. C. (1999). Une nouvelle espèce de Camellia (Theaceae) du Viêt-Nam [A new species of Camellia (Theaceae) from Vietnam]. Adansonia, 21(2), 319-322.
Scheidel, A. (2019, August 18). Two of Dong Nai hydropower dams cancelled due to environmental concerns, Vietnam. EJAtlas. https://ejatlas.org/print/dong-nai-dams-6-and-6a-cancelled-due-to-environmental-concerns-vietnam
Sealy, J. R. (1958). A revision of the genus Camellia. Royal Horticulture Society.
Short, H. (1994). International symposium on C. chrysantha. International Camellia Society Journal, 26, 69-73.
Short, P. (2013). The third international academic forum on yellow camellias, 21-23 February 2013. International Camellia Society Journal, 45, 11-13.
Sobey, R. (2008). Bi Doup Nui Ba National Park management assessment with emphasis on collaborative management with neighbouring farmers. Darwin Initiative. https://pubs.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/G03050.pdf
Southern Institute of Ecology. (2017). Final report: Biodiversity baseline survey for sustainable natural resource management project (Component 3). Japan International Cooperation Agency & Sustainable Natural Resource Management Project (SNRM).
Sterling, E. J., Hurley, M. M., & Le, M. D. (2006). Vietnam: A natural history. Yale University Press.
Summerill, B., & Steinke, E. (1997, March). Pests and diseases of Australian plants. Australian Plants Online. http://anpsa.org.au/APOL5/mar97-4.html
Tagane, S., Nguyen V. N., Hoang, T. B., Nagahama, A., Zang, M., Truong, Q. C., Le, V. S., Dang, V. -S., Toyama, H., Komada, N., Nagamasu, H., & Yahara, T. (2020). Fifteen new species of angiosperms from Bidoup-Nui Ba National Park, Southern Highlands of Vietnam. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, 71(3), 201-229. https://doi.org/10.18942/apg.202002
Tan, C. S., Isa, N. M., Ismail, I., & Zainal, Z. (2019). Agarwood induction: Current developments and future perspectives. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00122
Tang, T. C. (2015, June 16). Langbiang recognized as world biosphere reserve. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. https://monre.gov.vn/English/Pages/Langbiang-recognized-as-world-biosphere-reserve.aspx
Thanh Mai. (2012, August 22). Primeval forest destroyed for charcoal. VietNamNet News. http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/environment/25987/primeval-forest-destroyed-for-charcoal.html
ThinkHazard! (2020, July 01). Vietnam: Landslide. https://thinkhazard.org/en/report/264-vietnam
Tordoff, A. W., Duckworth, J. W., Macfarlane, C., Ravn, M., & Tallant, J. (2020). Ecosystem profile. Indo-Burma-biodiversity hotspot. 2020 update. Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. https://www.cepf.net/sites/default/files/indo-burma-ecosystem-profile-2020-update.pdf
Trehane, J. (2012). A summary of camellia conservation around the world. International Camellia Society Journal, 44, 84-91.
Tran, D. M., Nguyen, T. T., Hoang, T. S., Dang, V. T., Phung, D. T., Nguyen, V. T., Dao, T. D., Mai, T. L., Vu, T. L., Nguyen, H. T., Nguyen, T. T. P., & Tran, V. D. (2019). Golden camellias: A review. Archives of Current Research International, 16(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.9734/acri/2019/v16i230085
Tran, N. (1998). Camellia rosmannii: A new species of yellow camellia from Vietnam. International Camellia Society Journal, 30, 72-75.
Tran, N. (2002). Biodiversity of the genus Camellia of Vietnam. International Camellia Society Journal, 34, 80-85.
Tran, N. (2003). Results on the study of yellow camellias of Vietnam. International Camellia Society Journal, 35,73-75.
Tran, N., Hakoda, N., & Luong, V. D. (2012). A new species of yellow Camellia (sect. Piquetia) from Vietnam. International Camellia Society Journal, 44, 161-162.
Tran, N., & Le, N. H. N. (2005). Camellia hamyenensis: A new yellow species from Vietnam. International Camellia Society Journal, 37, 125-127.
Tran, N., & Le, N. H. N. (2013). The yellow camellias of the Tam Dao National Park. International Camellia Society Journal, 45, 122-128.
Tran, N., & Le, N. H. N. (2015). A new yellow camellia species from North Vietnam. International Camellia Society Journal, 47, 36-39.
Tran, N., & Luong, V. D. (2013). Camellia dilinhensis: A new yellow species from Viet Nam. International Camellia Society Journal, 45, 87-89. https://internationalcamellia.org/public/downloads/Ind_n/ICJ_2013_Camellia_Dilinhensis_A_New_Yellow_Species_from_Viet_Nam.pdf
Trung tâm Dữ liệu Thực vật Việt Nam. (n.d.). Camellia longii Orel & Luu. https://www.botanyvn.com/cnt.asp?param=edir&v=Camellia%20longii&list=species
Uhart, E. E. F. (1953). The charcoal problem in Asia. Unasylva, 7(1). https://www.fao.org/3/X5366E/x5366e05.htm
UNESCO. (2015). Langbiang. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/vietnam/langbiang
University of Illinois Extension. (2005, August 31). How does drought stress influence plant-insect interactions? Home, Yard and Garden Pest Newsletter, 16, 3-4. University of Illinois Extension. http://hyg.ipm.illinois.edu/pastpest/200516f.html
VAMVO. (n.d.). Lat (chicken) village of Co Ho ethnic group – Dalat. http://www.vamvo.com/LatVillage.aspx
Van, N. T., Craik, R., Le, C. N., Nguyen, V. T., Dinh, B. K., & Cil, H. M. (2009). A rapid survey of yellow-cheeked crested gibbon and bird species in Da Chais Commune, Bi Doup-Nui Ba National Park with a view to developing an ecotourism programme in the area (Technical report). https://pubs.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/G03048.pdf
van Dijk, M., Hilderink, H., van Rooij, W., Rutten, M., Ashton, R., Kartikasari, K., & Vu, C. L. (2013). Land-use change, food security and climate change in Vietnam A global-to-local modelling approach. LEI Wageningen UR. https://edepot.wur.nl/250651
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology. (2014, April 28). Discovery of two new Camellia species – Camellia longii and Camellia curryana (Theaceae) from Vietnam. https://vast.gov.vn/web/vietnam-academy-of-science-and-technology/tin-chi-tiet/-/chi-tiet/discovery-of-two-new-camellia-species-camellia-longii-and-camellia-curryana-theaceae-from-vietnam-9083-871.html
Vinachaki. (2020). Khaya charcoal. https://www.vinachaki.com/products/khaya-charcoal.html
Wikipedia. (2021a). Indo-Burma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Burma
Wikipedia. (2021b). Caryota mitis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryota_mitis
Wikipedia. (2021c). Aquilaria malaccensis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquilaria_malaccensis
Wikramanayake, E., Rundel, P., & Boonratana, R. (n.d.). Southeastern Asia: Vietnam into Laos and Cambodia. World Wildlife Fund Inc. https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/im0152
Winn, D. R. (2012). Preservation and conservation of ancient Theaceae germplasm from biological refuges in Vietnam. International Camellia Society Journal, 44, 61-63.
Yang, C. -H., Deng, L. -X. & Dai, X. (2012). Study on the Camellia liberofilamenta. International Camellia Society Journal, 44, 159-161.
Downloads
Published
Volume and Issues
Section
Copyright & License
Copyright (c) 2022 Anthony S. Curry.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.